Introduction
Turning is a machining operation that uses a single-point tool to create round components on lathes. To make complicated rotating forms, the tool is fed either linearly in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the workpiece’s axis of rotation, or along a predetermined route. The rotation of the workpiece is the primary cutting action in turning, while the feed motion is the secondary cutting motion.
The figure shows a schematic representation of a simple turning process, including the depth of cut d, feed f, and spindle rotation N in rev/min.
Cutting conditions in turning
The turning cutting speed V in m/s is linked to the rotating speed of the workpiece by the equation V = πDN.
Where D is the workpiece’s diameter and N is the workpiece’s rotating speed.
Operations in turning
Turning
To decrease a part’s diameter to the desired dimension. Straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpieces such as shafts, spindles, and pins are produced using this method.
Facing
A lathe may be used to precisely create a smooth, flat face perpendicular to the axis of a cylindrical component. A smooth machined surface is created by feeding the tool radially or axially. Face grooving creates grooves for uses such as O-ring seating.
Knurling
It does not entail the removal of any content. It is instead a metal forming technique used to create a regular crosshatched pattern (regular shaped roughness) on a cylindrical surface. It can be used as a grip.
Drilling
Boring may be used after producing a hole to increase its dimensional accuracy and surface polish.
Boring
To expand an already created hole or cylindrical hollow, or to create circular interior grooves.
Grooving
Cutting with form tool
To create a variety of axisymmetric forms for utilitarian or aesthetic reasons.
Parting
To cut a portion off the end of a component, as is done in the creation of slugs or blanks for further processing into discrete products, is also known as cutting off.
Contour turning (profiling)
Although the cutting tool has a basic form, the feed action is complicated; the cutting tool is fed along a contour, resulting in a contoured shape on the workpiece. Profiling necessitates the use of specialized lathes or equipment.
Threading
A thread can be made in a variety of ways using a lathe. Lathes are used to cut threads by advancing the cutting tool at a feed rate that is exactly equal to the thread pitch. A helical band, which is essentially a thread, is cut in with the single-point cutting tool.
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